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The history of the New York Yankees Major League Baseball (MLB) team began with the founding of the American League (AL) in 1901. The Baltimore Orioles were one of the league's original eight clubs; after two years, the organization was replaced by a New York City-based franchise, which became known as the Yankees in 1913. The team infrequently contended for the AL championship before the acquisition of outfielder Babe Ruth after the 1919 season. Shortly afterwards, the Yankees won their inaugural AL title in 1921, followed by their first World Series championship in 1923. Ruth and first baseman Lou Gehrig were part of New York's Murderers' Row batting lineup, which led the Yankees to a then-AL record 110 wins and a Series championship in 1927. They repeated as World Series winners in 1928, and their next title came under manager Joe McCarthy in 1932. From 1936 to 1939, the Yankees won the World Series every year, with a team that featured Gehrig and outfielder Joe DiMaggio, who recorded a record hitting streak during New York's 1941 championship season. The Yankees set a major league record by winning five consecutive championships from 1949 to 1953, and appeared in the World Series nine times during the next 11 years. Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, and Whitey Ford were among the players fielded by the Yankees during the era. After the 1964 season, a lack of effective replacements for aging players caused the franchise to decline on the field, while then-owners CBS posted financial losses. George Steinbrenner bought the club in 1973 and regularly invested in new talent, using free agency to acquire top players. Despite internal disputes in the late 1970s, the team reached the World Series four times between 1976 and 1981 and claimed the championship in 1977 and 1978. New York continued to pursue its strategy of signing free agents into the 1980s, but with less success, and the team's performance declined by the late-1980s. The club's leadership eventually began to rebuild around young players from the team's minor league system, including Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera. After earning a playoff berth in 1995, the Yankees won four of the next five World Series, and the 1998–2000 teams were the last in MLB to win three straight Series titles. As the 2000s progressed, the Yankees' rivalry with the Boston Red Sox increased in intensity as the sides met multiple times in the American League Championship Series, trading victories in 2003 and 2004. New York regularly reached the postseason, but were often defeated in the first two rounds. In 2009, the Yankees opened Yankee Stadium after spending most of the previous 86 seasons playing in a ballpark of the same name. That year's squad won the World Series for the 27th time in team history. The furthest the Yankees have gone in the postseason since then is the ALCS, which the 2010 and 2012 teams played in. ==Background: 1901–02 Baltimore Orioles== At the end of the 1900 baseball season, Western League president Ban Johnson moved to position the circuit as a new major league that would compete with the established National League (NL). The league was reorganized and renamed the American League (AL), and eight cities fielded teams in the 1901 season. In addition to placing three teams in cities with NL clubs, the AL had another three in former NL team locations, including Baltimore; the Orioles were one of four sides shut down by the NL after the 1899 season.〔Tygiel, pp. 48–49.〕 The new Orioles' first manager was John McGraw, who had held the same role for the previous Baltimore team in its final season; McGraw also held an ownership stake in the team.〔Tygiel, pp. 47, 49.〕 In their first season, the Orioles had a 68–65 win–loss record and finished in fifth place in the AL.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Baseball-Reference.com )〕 During the season, there were numerous disputes between Johnson and McGraw over disciplinary issues, which continued into the following year.〔Tygiel, p. 52.〕 Rumors began to spread that Johnson was interested in relocating the team to New York City, in an attempt to heighten the AL's competition with the NL. McGraw left the Orioles and joined the New York Giants as their manager; he gave the Giants' ownership his interest in the Orioles in the process.〔Fetter, p. 22.〕 Several of the team's players—including Roger Bresnahan and Joe McGinnity—joined the Giants after McGraw's departure, and the Giants gained a majority of the Orioles' stock. The league managed to take back control of the team from the Giants; after the Orioles forfeited a game because they lacked enough active players,〔Fetter, pp. 22–23.〕 Johnson ordered that the team be "restocked with players essentially given away by the other teams in order to play out the schedule", according to author Marty Appel.〔Appel, p. 5.〕 The Orioles had the worst record in the AL, as well as the weakest attendance figures.〔Fetter, p. 23.〕 The AL and NL signed an agreement after the 1902 season that ended the leagues' battles for players, which had led to increasing salaries. Johnson sought the right to locate an AL team in New York City, which was granted as part of the leagues' peace agreement. His intention was for the team to play in Manhattan, but the idea was opposed by Giants owner John T. Brush and former owner Andrew Freedman, who were connected to the city's Tammany Hall political organization. They blocked several potential stadium locations, before a pair of Tammany Hall politicians, Frank J. Farrell and William Stephen Devery, purchased the New York franchise in the AL.〔Stout and Johnson, pp. 9–14.〕 The pair paid $18,000 for the team ($440,000 in 2011 dollars). It is not clear whether Farrell and Devery purchased the remains of the Orioles and moved them to New York, or if they received an expansion franchise.〔Appel, p. 13.〕 What is beyond dispute is that this was the last change in the lineup of MLB for half a century.〔Fetter, pp. 204–205.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the New York Yankees」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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